Domestic and Gender Violence

Some of the family violence cases include: the family abandonment and neglect, domestic violence, child abuse, ... These conditions relate to one of the most significant changes has been experiencing the Western world in recent years.

The family is the fundamental unit of society where children must learn the norms and values of the medium in which she lives, she plays a decisive role in its development, becoming its first model of family group interaction.

It is argued that as a result of this interaction, sometimes arise criminals and criminal behavior or other, that without turning it, can lead to its weakest members, children and adolescents, to protest both inside and outside the home.

Studies on the subject indicate that 96% of children have problems in their families: parents separated, disintegrated nucleus, alcoholic parents, disappeared, working mothers, family tensions caused by poverty. All of these factors causing the lack of family patterns and thereby preventing example and hence the lack of monitoring.

We can talk in general terms:

a) Domestic violence: One of the most dehumanizing aspects can be observed in contemporary social life, even in Western industrialized countries, domestic violence is perpetrated against women.

Arguably, the abuse against women is linked to the same factors and attitudes aimed at the purpose of machismo, rape and sexual harassment, but there are also other ingredients in the husband-wife relationship, which give distinctive characteristics to this social problem.

Indeed, a continuous, intimate yet utilitarian marital bond, whether it be formal or informal, contributes to this relationship is gradually deprived of the rituals of courtesy and precautions that are specific to the treatment of strangers.

Moreover, domestic violence, physical or verbal, against women contributes to gradually be forming a passive and subordinate role in the family, which assumed most routine tasks.

b) Domestic violence: We refer to violent acts committed in the home between family members. In the 1970s feminists analyzed the extent of domestic violence (considered an exclusively male phenomenon) and created shelters and assistance for battered women and their children.

Some authors seek the origin of the conflicts underlying domestic violence in home routines adapted to an exclusively male workforce, which is no longer monopolize the family income with the addition of women to work, poverty and the low social mobility.

The information technology is helping greatly to collect data, but it is difficult to know the processes and background. One can not say categorically that all violence is committed by men, although it is true that occurs in many cases. Sometimes they are the father and mother together those who commit aggression, as is the case of child abuse and we will see under item 2.

Gender violence:

We're taking more deeply the issues of GENDER VIOLENCE, analyzing various features of it, for it will begin with the concept of it:

Concept and characteristics of gender violence:

It means any act of aggression that may have or will result in harm or suffering physical, sexual or psychological, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public life or private, where these acts are exercised by members of the family or person of similar emotional ties.

As the most striking features list the following:

- Its origins are found in the social structure and the complex set of values, traditions, customs, habits and beliefs that are related to inequality between women and men.
- It develops in the domestic and private, which prevents the knowledge of its actual size, difficult to test their impunity and benefits
- The abuser has or has had an emotional relationship with the victim.
- These behaviors represent a disruption of normal living relationships, affecting not only the direct victim but the entire family environment.

Focusing on what we know as violence to women, the first article of the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women considers that violence against women means any act of violence based on belonging to the female sex that has or may have resulting in impairment or physical, sexual or psychological for women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, as if life occurs in public or in private.

Types of gender violence:

Mainly we can name 4 types of this case of violence. They are:

a) Physical: Damage to the body of the person as a result of slapping, pushing, hitting, beating, choking, burns, deductions, ...), may be the result, fractures, wounds, contusions, bruises and even in very extreme cases death

b) Psychological: behavioral acts of degradation, humiliation, fear, as a result of shouting, humiliation, threats, coercion, ridicule, and so on.

c) Sexual Imposition of a sexual relationship against one's will (assault, abuse, molestation, induction into prostitution, etc.)..

d) Material and economical destruction or deprivation of livelihood and / or property (abandonment, broken furniture and other belongings, to prevent or hinder the work, etc.)..

Among the warning signs of violent behavior include:

- Ignore the feelings.
- Ridicule or humiliate, both publicly and privately.
- To criticize, insult and scream continuously.
- Try to control ideas and overturn decisions.
- Do not allow access or ownership of goods and properties.
- Isolate the person, not to release or work, or interact with friends or relatives.
- Have fits of jealousy.
- Threatening to leave her or hurting her.
- Intimidate.
- Smashing up things for the abused person are paramount and necessary, or even harming animals.
- Use or possess arms.

Phases of violence:

The phases we have to deal with the violence are three:

1. Phase voltage:

This phase is where we start the insults and the first episodes of violence, but not so extreme.

Any circumstance, however minimal, may cause the violence, as can be, for example, not having prepared food, a little late, greeting a friend, etc..

2. Phase of aggression:

Increasingly frequent tense moments until he finally serious violent behaviors occur in the form of physical, mental and / or sexual abuse.

3. Conciliation or regret:

After the first manifestations of violence are often promised that will not happen again. Phrases like these are very characteristic of this phase:

- I'll change.
- Never hurt you again.
- Do not want to.
- I could control.

Very common phrases that are cited in cases of domestic violence.

It is also often shift the blame to the victim of the conflict and deny responsibility, with phrases like:

- Provoked me.
- If you had not done I had not stuck.

It usually alternate periods of affection, sentiments of profound interiority, with periods of violence, anger and aggression, and continued in this way the cycle of violence.

Currently, the moments of tension and aggression are far more frequent than repentance.

What is usually done and what should be done against gender violence:

People who are assaulted, according to studies, usually, generally, to:

- To deny or hide the violence, fear, shame, threats, ...
- Minimize the severity of violence (self-belief that the situation is not as severe).
- Found guilty of aggression.
- To identify with the abuser, the abused person is trying to adapt to the situation prevailing at that time as a survival strategy.
- The person assaulted, as a result of keeping everything to himself, suffers from various effects, as suffering anxiety, depression, stress, ...

On the contrary, we must also know what should do and is something we must bear in mind that we as family educators, and that at some point we have to intervene in a situation of domestic violence and more, knowing the problem this type of situation today. What to do:

- Talk, talk about what happens to people you trust, because the silence what is done is to prolong the situation even worse.
- Going to a health center or hospital and request a copy of the medical record where you have injuries resulting from violence, evaluation of possible psychological consequences, the treatment and prognosis.
- Report to the National Police, Local Police, Civil Guard or duty court. It is important that the complaint stating everything that has happened, kind of violence that has suffered if he had previous complaints, the medical report of injuries, information about the people witnessed the assault occurred. It is also important that before you read the complaint carefully read and request a copy of it.

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